docs/us_health/health_access_quality_county_year

health_access_quality_county_year

Medicare utilization and quality-of-care metrics by county. CMS Geographic Variation Public Use File: standardized spending, readmissions, preventable admissions, and chronic condition shares.

tier aadmin_recordhealthcmsmedicarereadmissionqualityutilizationer_visits
grain
county-year
years
2022
cadence
Annual
overview

overview

~3,000 counties. CMS Medicare PUF covers Medicare beneficiaries; quality measures from hospital reporting.

current vintage — 2022

history — CMS Medicare GV PUF: 2007-present

provenance

source & licensing

authority
U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
dataset
CMS Medicare Geographic Variation Public Use File
license
Public domain (U.S. Federal Government work)
citation
U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Medicare Geographic Variation Public Use File, 2022.
schema

fields

nametypedefinition
_ingested_attimestampTimestamp when this record was written to BigQuery.Pipeline metadata field.
country_idstringISO alpha-2 country code (always 'US' for domestic tables).
county_idkeystring5-character FIPS code identifying the county.Joins dim.counties on county_id.
dual_enrollment_pctfloat64 · percent (0–100)Percentage of Medicare beneficiaries who are also enrolled in Medicaid (dual-eligible). Higher values indicate a greater share of low-income, typically higher-need beneficiaries in the county.
er_visits_per_1000_benesfloat64 · rate per 1,000 beneficiariesAnnual emergency department visits per 1,000 FFS Medicare beneficiaries. Higher values may indicate greater acute illness burden or barriers to timely primary and ambulatory care access.
ffs_beneficiary_countint64 · countNumber of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries enrolled in the county. Higher values indicate larger FFS Medicare populations, which affects the reliability of utilization and spending metrics.
fqhc_rhc_visits_per_1000_benesfloat64 · rate per 1,000 beneficiariesAnnual visits to Federally Qualified Health Centers or Rural Health Clinics per 1,000 FFS Medicare beneficiaries. Higher values indicate greater reliance on safety-net primary care providers, common in underserved urban and rural areas.
hcc_risk_scorefloat64 · index (national average = 1.0)Hierarchical Condition Category risk score summarizing the expected Medicare expenditure of the beneficiary population relative to the national average. Scores above 1.0 indicate a sicker-than-average population; scores below 1.0 indicate a healthier-than-average population.
ip_stays_per_1000_benesfloat64 · rate per 1,000 beneficiariesAnnual inpatient hospital stays per 1,000 FFS Medicare beneficiaries. Higher values indicate greater acute-care utilization, which may reflect higher illness burden or lower access to preventive and ambulatory care.
ma_participation_ratefloat64 · percent (0–100)Share of Medicare-eligible beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans rather than traditional fee-for-service. Higher values indicate greater penetration of managed care among the Medicare population.
medicare_actual_per_capitafloat64 · dollars (nominal)Total Medicare payments per FFS beneficiary at actual local payment rates, reflecting both utilization and geographic price variation. Higher values indicate greater total Medicare expenditure per beneficiary.
medicare_standardized_per_capitafloat64 · dollars (nominal)Medicare spending per FFS beneficiary adjusted to remove geographic variation in input prices (wages, practice costs), isolating differences in utilization patterns. Higher values indicate greater use of Medicare-covered services.
readmission_rate_30dfloat64 · percent (0–100)Percentage of inpatient stays followed by a readmission to any acute-care hospital within 30 days of discharge. Higher values indicate poorer care transitions, discharge planning, or post-acute follow-up.
state_idstring2-character FIPS code identifying the state.Joins dim.states on state_id.
yearkeyint64Reference year of the observation.
relationships

joins

primary key
county_id, year
common joins
dim.geographies on county_id
health_access_capacity_county_year on (county_id, year)
scorecard_health_county on county_id
usage

how to use this table

method

CMS aggregates fee-for-service Medicare claims to county. 30-day readmission rates risk-adjusted via HCC. ER visits per 1,000 beneficiaries.

do not use for

Non-Medicare populations (FFS Medicare only); Medicare Advantage enrollees (excluded); under-65 populations except disability.

known issues

FFS Medicare only - as MA enrollment grows (~50%+), FFS sample shrinks and selection effects worsen.

last updated · May 5, 2026