docs/us_demographics/demographics_population_county_year

demographics_population_county_year

Census PEP county population estimates (A1). Single year (2023), total only. Annual time series and components-of-change blocked on PEP re-pull. Tier A-.

tier —regression_modeldemographicspeppopulationestimatescounty_total
grain
county-year
years
2023
cadence
Annual (March release of vintage; July reference date)
overview

overview

All 3,222 US counties + DC + PR. PEP is a complete administrative model - every county has an estimate.

current vintage — Vintage 2023 (July 1, 2023 reference)

history — PEP from 1969 forward; current load is 2023 only - annual time series and components-of-change blocked on re-pull

provenance

source & licensing

authority
U.S. Census Bureau
dataset
Population Estimates Program (PEP)
license
citation
U.S. Census Bureau. Population Estimates Program (PEP), Vintage 2023 County Population Totals.
schema

fields

nametypedefinition
birthsint64 · countNumber of live births occurring to residents of the county during the reference year. Higher values reflect greater natural population increase from fertility.
country_idstringISO alpha-2 country code (always 'US' for domestic tables).
county_idkeystring5-character FIPS code identifying the county.Joins dim.counties on county_id.
county_namestringHuman-readable county name corresponding to county_id.
deathsint64 · countNumber of deaths among residents of the county during the reference year. Higher values reflect greater natural population decrease from mortality.
net_domestic_migrationint64 · countNet movement of people into or out of the county from other U.S. counties during the reference year, calculated as in-migrants minus out-migrants. Positive values indicate net domestic population gain.
net_international_migrationint64 · countNet movement of people into or out of the county from foreign countries during the reference year, calculated as in-migrants minus out-migrants. Positive values indicate net international population gain.
population_change_5yr_pctfloat64 · percent (0–100)Percentage change in total population over the five-year period ending in the reference year. Positive values indicate sustained growth; negative values indicate sustained decline.
population_change_yoy_pctfloat64 · percent (0–100)Percentage change in total population from the prior year to the reference year. Positive values indicate population growth; negative values indicate decline.
state_idstring2-character FIPS code identifying the state.Joins dim.states on state_id.
total_populationint64 · countTotal resident population of the county as of the reference year. Higher values indicate larger population size.
yearkeyint64Reference year of the observation.
relationships

joins

primary key
county_id, year
common joins
dim.geographies on county_id
nearly every county-year table joins to this for denominators
usage

how to use this table

method

PEP starts from decennial baseline and rolls forward by adding births, subtracting deaths, and adding net migration (domestic + international) using administrative records.

do not use for

Sub-county estimates (use ACS); racial/age detail (current load is total only - pending re-pull); years before decennial baseline change without bridging.

known issues

Currently single-year (2023) and total-only. Annual time series and components of change pending PEP re-pull.

last updated · May 5, 2026