docs/us_demographics/demographics_nativity_language_county_year

demographics_nativity_language_county_year

ACS 5-year 2024 nativity, citizenship status, and LEP households (A5). Tier B. Raw counts (foreign_born, foreign_born_naturalized, not_citizen, total_population) and their derived shares (pct_foreign_born, pct_naturalized_citizen, pct_noncitizen, pct_lep_household) are populated from ACS tables B05001/B05002/B16002.

tier bsample_estimatedemographicsacsnativityforeign_borncitizenshipleplanguageimmigration
grain
county-year
years
2024
cadence
Annual (December release of new 5-year vintage)
overview

overview

All 3,222 counties + DC + PR municipios. Loaded from ACS 5-year 2024 (B05001/B05002/B16002).

current vintage — 2020-2024 ACS 5-Year

history — ACS nativity tables from 2009-2013 vintage to present

provenance

source & licensing

authority
U.S. Census Bureau
dataset
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Tables B05001/B05002/B16002 (2024)
license
Public domain (U.S. Federal Government work)
citation
U.S. Census Bureau. ACS 5-Year Estimates, Tables B05001 (nativity/citizenship), B05002 (place of birth), B16002 (LEP households), 2020-2024.
schema

fields

nametypedefinition
country_idkeystringISO alpha-2 country code (always 'US' for domestic tables).Part of primary key.
county_idkeystring5-character FIPS code identifying the county.Part of primary key. Joins dim.counties on county_id.
county_namestringHuman-readable county name corresponding to county_id.
foreign_bornint64 · countNumber of foreign-born residents (persons born outside the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth) in the county, from ACS table B05002. Higher values indicate a larger foreign-born population.
foreign_born_naturalizedint64 · countNumber of foreign-born residents who have become naturalized U.S. citizens, from ACS table B05001. A subset of foreign_born.
lep_asian_householdsint64 · householdsNumber of limited-English-proficiency households whose primary non-English language is an Asian or Pacific Island language, from ACS table B16002.
lep_euro_householdsint64 · householdsNumber of limited-English-proficiency households whose primary non-English language is an Other Indo-European language, from ACS table B16002.
lep_other_householdsint64 · householdsNumber of limited-English-proficiency households whose primary non-English language is in the 'all other languages' category, from ACS table B16002.
lep_spanish_householdsint64 · householdsNumber of limited-English-proficiency households whose primary non-English language is Spanish, from ACS table B16002. Higher values indicate greater Spanish-language access need.
lep_universeint64 · householdsTotal number of households used as the denominator for limited-English-proficiency (LEP) measures, from ACS table B16002. An LEP household is one in which no member aged 14 or older speaks English 'very well.'
not_citizenint64 · countNumber of residents who are not U.S. citizens (foreign-born and not naturalized), from ACS table B05001. Higher values indicate a larger non-citizen population.
pct_foreign_bornfloat64 · percent (0–100)Share of the total population that is foreign-born, computed as foreign_born divided by total population times 100. Higher values indicate a more immigrant population.
pct_lep_householdfloat64 · percent (0–100)Share of households that are limited-English-proficient, computed as the sum of LEP households divided by lep_universe times 100. Higher values indicate greater language-access need.
pct_naturalized_citizenfloat64 · percent (0–100)Share of the foreign-born population that has naturalized, computed as foreign_born_naturalized divided by foreign_born times 100. Higher values indicate greater naturalization among immigrants.
pct_noncitizenfloat64 · percent (0–100)Share of the total population that is not a U.S. citizen, computed as not_citizen divided by total population times 100. Higher values indicate a larger non-citizen share.
state_idkeystring2-character FIPS code identifying the state.Part of primary key. Joins dim.states on state_id.
yearkeyint64Reference year of the observation.Part of primary key.
relationships

joins

primary key
county_id, state_id, country_id, year
common joins
dim.geographies on county_id
demographics_population_age_county_year on (county_id, year) for the total_population denominator across years
demographics_population_county_year on (county_id, year)
usage

how to use this table

method

ACS sample-based; B05001 classifies by nativity and citizenship status, B16002 by household linguistic isolation.

do not use for

Counts of unauthorized immigrants (ACS does not ask legal status); year-over-year change in small counties.

known issues

Single ACS 5-year 2024 vintage (county grain). pct_noncitizen/not_citizen are null for ~2% of counties (ACS suppression in small counties). Raw counts and shares both populated, so shares can be re-derived from foreign_born / total_population.

last updated · Jul 7, 2026