docs/us_demographics/demographics_age_sex_race_county_year

demographics_age_sex_race_county_year

ACS 5-year 2024 age structure (B01001) plus Decennial 2020 DHC race shares (A2). Tier A-. pct_age_65_plus, median_age, pop_65_plus, and all race/ethnicity shares are populated. Race shares joined from demographics_decennial_baseline_county.

tier bsample_estimatedemographicsacsagesexraceethnicitypopulation_structure
grain
county-year
years
2024
cadence
Annual (December release of new 5-year vintage)
overview

overview

All 3,222 US counties + DC + PR municipios. ACS 5-year covers ~99% of counties; suppression in counties with population <65,000 widens MOEs.

current vintage — 2020-2024 ACS 5-Year (released December 2025)

history — ACS 5-year releases from 2009-2013 vintage to present (rolling 5-year windows)

provenance

source & licensing

authority
U.S. Census Bureau
dataset
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B01001 (2024)
license
Public domain (U.S. Federal Government work)
citation
U.S. Census Bureau. ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B01001 (age by sex), 2020-2024.
schema

fields

nametypedefinition
country_idkeystringISO alpha-2 country code (always 'US' for domestic tables).Part of primary key.
county_idkeystring5-character FIPS code identifying the county.Part of primary key. Joins dim.counties on county_id.
county_namestringHuman-readable county name corresponding to county_id.
median_agefloat64 · yearsMedian age of the county population. Higher values indicate an older population.
pct_age_65_plusfloat64 · percent (0–100)Share of total population aged 65 and older, computed as pop_65_plus / total_population × 100. Higher values indicate an older age structure.
pct_aian_nhfloat64 · percent (0–100)Share of total population identifying as American Indian and Alaska Native alone, non-Hispanic. Higher values indicate a larger non-Hispanic AIAN share.
pct_asian_nhfloat64 · percent (0–100)Share of total population identifying as Asian alone, non-Hispanic. Higher values indicate a larger non-Hispanic Asian share.
pct_black_nhfloat64 · percent (0–100)Share of total population identifying as Black or African American alone, non-Hispanic. Higher values indicate a larger non-Hispanic Black share.
pct_hispanicfloat64 · percent (0–100)Share of total population identifying as Hispanic or Latino of any race. Higher values indicate a larger Hispanic share.
pct_multiracial_nhfloat64 · percent (0–100)Share of total population identifying as two or more races, non-Hispanic. Higher values indicate a larger multiracial share.
pct_nhpi_nhfloat64 · percent (0–100)Share of total population identifying as Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, non-Hispanic. Higher values indicate a larger non-Hispanic NHPI share.
pct_white_nhfloat64 · percent (0–100)Share of total population identifying as White alone, non-Hispanic (ACS race iteration A2). Higher values indicate a larger non-Hispanic White share.
pop_65_plusfloat64 · countNumber of residents aged 65 and older. Higher values indicate a larger senior population.
racial_diversity_indexfloat64 · index (0–1)Diversity index giving the probability that two randomly chosen residents belong to different race/ethnicity groups, computed as 1 − Σ(group share²) across the non-Hispanic race groups and Hispanic. Higher values indicate greater racial/ethnic diversity.
state_idkeystring2-character FIPS code identifying the state.Part of primary key. Joins dim.states on state_id.
total_populationfloat64 · countTotal resident population of the county from the ACS 5-year 2024 estimate (table B01001). Higher values indicate a larger population.
yearkeyint64Reference year of the observation.Part of primary key.
relationships

joins

primary key
county_id, state_id, country_id, year
common joins
dim.geographies on county_id
demographics_population_county_year on (county_id, year)
economy_personal_income_county_year on (county_id, year)
usage

how to use this table

method

ACS sample-based survey; Census weights and aggregates 5 years of monthly responses to county totals. Pipeline extracts pop_65_plus, median_age, pct_age_65_plus from B01001; race shares (pct_white_nh, pct_black_nh, pct_hispanic, etc.) and racial_diversity_index from Decennial 2020 DHC and PEP.

do not use for

Year-over-year change at small-county grain (5-year overlapping windows); single-year point estimates (use ACS 1-year for counties >65k); race-specific population for counties <20k (high MOE).

known issues

Race shares carry Decennial 2020 DHC differential-privacy noise in small counties; 5-year ACS windows make year-over-year deltas non-independent.

last updated · Jul 7, 2026