docs/us_economy/economy_establishments_county_year

economy_establishments_county_year

Census CBP county-total establishments and size-class distribution (F1). Tier A-.

tier —admin_recordeconomycbpestablishmentssize_classfirmsbusiness
grain
county-year
years
2019 – 2023
cadence
Annual (released ~16-20 months after reference year)
overview

overview

3,135 counties x 5 years = 15,677 rows. CBP near-census of US establishments with paid employees.

current vintage — 2023 (released spring 2025)

history — CBP: 1986 to present (NAICS-based from 1998)

provenance

source & licensing

authority
U.S. Census Bureau
dataset
County Business Patterns (CBP)
license
citation
U.S. Census Bureau. County Business Patterns (CBP), 2019-2023.
schema

fields

nametypedefinition
annual_payroll_1000int64 · thousands of dollarsTotal annual payroll paid to all employees during the calendar year, in nominal thousands of dollars. Higher values indicate greater aggregate labor compensation in the county.
country_idstringISO alpha-2 country code (always 'US' for domestic tables).
county_idkeystring5-character FIPS code identifying the county.Joins dim.counties on county_id.
emp_nfstringNoise flag for the employees count, using Census Bureau CBP suppression codes (e.g. 'A'–'H' for noise ranges, 'S' for suppressed). A non-empty value means the reported employee figure has been withheld or statistically masked to protect confidentiality.
employeesint64 · workersNumber of paid employees for the pay period including March 12 of the reference year. May be suppressed or noise-infused; see emp_nf for the applicable flag.
n10_19int64 · establishmentsNumber of establishments employing 10 to 19 workers during the March 12 reference period.
n100_249int64 · establishmentsNumber of establishments employing 100 to 249 workers during the March 12 reference period.
n1000int64 · establishmentsNumber of establishments employing 1,000 or more workers during the March 12 reference period.
n20_49int64 · establishmentsNumber of establishments employing 20 to 49 workers during the March 12 reference period.
n250_499int64 · establishmentsNumber of establishments employing 250 to 499 workers during the March 12 reference period.
n5_9int64 · establishmentsNumber of establishments employing 5 to 9 workers during the March 12 reference period.
n50_99int64 · establishmentsNumber of establishments employing 50 to 99 workers during the March 12 reference period.
n500_999int64 · establishmentsNumber of establishments employing 500 to 999 workers during the March 12 reference period.
state_idstring2-character FIPS code identifying the state.Joins dim.states on state_id.
total_establishmentsint64 · establishmentsTotal number of business establishments operating in the county during the reference year, as reported in Census Bureau County Business Patterns. Higher values indicate a larger local business base.
yearkeyint64Reference year of the observation.
relationships

joins

primary key
county_id, year
common joins
dim.geographies on county_id
economy_industry_establishments_county_year_naics on (county_id, year)
economy_employment_levels_county_year on (county_id, year)
usage

how to use this table

method

CBP draws from Business Register; counts establishments by employment size class (1-4, 5-9, 10-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 250-499, 500-999, 1000+). 'Establishment' = single physical location.

do not use for

Self-employed/non-employer firms (excluded); government employment (excluded); month-to-month or current-quarter activity (annual snapshot ~1.5-year lag).

known issues

Small-county suppression: cells with <3 establishments or risk of disclosure are flagged. Establishments != firms (single firm can have many establishments).

last updated · May 5, 2026